Performing a thorough safety check is essential before setting off on any journey with your trailer. This ensures your load is secure and the trailer is properly hitched and confirms that all necessary components like lights and brakes are functioning correctly.
Routine maintenance and inspections can catch minor issues before they grow into significant problems that require a mechanic's intervention. Taking care of these potential issues yourself can save you time and money, and give you peace of mind knowing your trailer is in optimal condition for the road ahead.
10-Point Trailer Check and Safety Inspection
Why is it important to perform a safety check on a loaded trailer before hitting the road?
Performing a safety check ensures your load is secure, the trailer is properly hitched, and the lights (and brakes, if present) function properly. This reduces the risk of equipment violation tickets and prevents being stranded due to a breakdown.
How do I know what ball size is required for my trailer coupler?
The trailer tongue's coupler will specify the required ball size. For instance, if your trailer coupler is fitted for a 2” ball, you should only use a 2” ball. Make sure the coupler is firmly seated and latched to the ball, and install a coupler safety pin for added security.
How should I attach safety chains or cables?
Safety chains or cables should be crossed and attached to the tow vehicle. This prevents the trailer from separating from the vehicle if it becomes uncoupled. Using plain “S” hooks is acceptable, but hooks with a wire safety latch provide extra security.
What should I check if my trailer has brakes?
Check the brake fluid reservoir and top it off if necessary. Attach the emergency break-away cable to the tow hitch to ensure the trailer brakes are applied if it breaks free from the tow vehicle. Lastly, test the brakes for proper function before leaving the lot.
What type of tires should my trailer have, and what should I inspect?
Your trailer tires must have an “ST” rating, indicating they are intended for towing. These tires have thicker sidewalls and dissipate heat better than vehicle tires. Check for unusual tread wear or weathered sidewalls. Replace worn tires and inflate them to the required pressure.
What should I check for in the wheel bearings?
Look for any leaking grease, which may indicate a bearing seal problem that can lead to wheel bearing failure and a breakdown. Add grease through the grease fitting if required. Check the wheel for any wobble and ensure the lug nuts are secure.
How should I handle the outdrive or outboard when trailering?
Raise the outboard or outdrive to avoid contact with the road and prevent costly repairs. Ensure any boarding ladders are secure. If the raised drive system bounces while trailering, invest in a device to take pressure off the mount, reducing stress on the transom.
What should I do with the drain plug before trailering?
Drain any excess water from the boat to lighten the load. If heavy rain is expected, leave the drain plug out but remember its location and install it before re-launching. If you'll be launching later that day, consider reinstalling it now to avoid forgetting it later.
How do I ensure the bunk and roller supports are in good condition?
Ensure bunks and rollers are in the proper position to support your boat. Adjust if necessary and replace any seized or worn parts. If the carpet on the bunks is worn through, replace it with high-quality carpet made for trailers or the outdoors that won't hold moisture.
How can I check if the trailer lights are working properly?
Attach the trailering wiring harness to the tow vehicle and check for the proper function of all lights. Have someone in the cab of the tow vehicle apply brakes and activate turn signals while another person verifies they work correctly. Remember, working lights are required on every trailer.
What should I do to ensure the load is secure?
Check all tie-down points and straps. At a minimum, you should have a bow strap or winch, a backup line or chain, and two transom tie-downs. Lower or remove any canvas shade covers and ensure anything that can blow out is stowed.
How should I distribute the weight on the trailer for safe towing?
Driving hazards like sharp curves, potholes, and uneven pavement can cause dangerous driving conditions if the trailer's weight is distributed incorrectly. Experts suggest a tongue weight of 5% to 15% of the total weight of the boat, motor, trailer, and gear should be on the trailer ball when the coupler is parallel to the ground. Single-axle trailers favor the higher end of this range, while multiple-axle trailers favor the lower end.
By conducting this 10-point trailer Check and Safety Inspection, you can prevent unexpected breakdowns, avoid costly repairs, and ensure a smooth, worry-free trip. If you are having problems beyond your check, feel free to call The Mobile Mariner.
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